NOTE 11. UNSECURED NOTES PAYABLE

The following is a roll-forward of current notes payable:

iOx Unsecured Notes Payable

In connection with the SalvaRx Acquisition in January 2019, the Company assumed $2.0 million of 7% convertible notes issued by iOx, a wholly-owned subsidiary of SalvaRx (the “Convertible Notes”), of which the Company holds $1.9 million. As a result of the SalvaRx Acquisition, iOx became a subsidiary of the Company during the year ended March 31, 2019. In accordance with IFRS 3, the fair value, including interest receivable, of the Convertible Notes were effectively settled against the note receivable upon the business combination.

On September 8, 2021, the Company, through SalvaRx, completed a settlement of loans (including interest) to and receivables from iOx for services rendered in exchange for 23,772 ordinary shares of iOx at a price of £162. Simultaneously, the Company entered into an agreement with Oxford Sciences Innovation, Plc (“OSI”), the holder of $0.15 million notes plus accrued interest under which OSI exchanged the notes plus accrued interest for 820 shares of iOx. The Company followed the guidance provided by an IFRS Discussion Group Public Meeting dated November 29, 2016, following the general tenets of IAS 39, “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement,” and IFRIC 19, “Extinguishing Financial Liabilities with Equity Instruments,” and recorded the exchange at historical cost. Additionally, no profit or loss was recorded in connection with the exchange. As a result of these transactions, the Company, through SalvaRx, increased its ownership of iOx from 60.49% to 78.32%. See Note 18, “Related Party Transactions – Share Exchange Agreement – iOx,” for a further discussion.

NOTE 20. CAPITAL DISCLOSURES

The Company considers the items included in shareholders’ equity as capital. The Company had accounts payable and accrued expenses of approximately $2.4 million as of December 31, 2022 (approximately $0.8 million as of March 31, 2022) and current assets of approximately $15.5 million as of December 31, 2022 (approximately $24.8 million as of March 31, 2022). The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to pursue new business opportunities and to maintain a flexible capital structure, which optimizes the costs of capital at an acceptable risk.

The Company manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.

As of December 31, 2022, shareholders’ equity attributable to the owners of the company was approximately $168.9 million (approximately $121.2 million as of March 31, 2022).

The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements and does not presently utilize any quantitative measures to monitor its capital. There have been no changes to the Company’s approach to capital management during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

NOTE 10. IN-PROCESS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY

In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) consists of the following projects (in thousands):

Additionally, at the end of each reporting period, the Company is required to assess whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. As indicated above, the Company identified an external indicator of potential impairment as of December 31, 2022. Pursuant to IAS 36, the Company completed its review of underlying fundamentals, execution, advancement of assets and value creation activities and concluded that no provision for impairment was required during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022.

Deferred tax liability represents iOx’s estimated tax on the difference between book and tax basis of the IPR&D, which is taxable in the U.K, and the effect of usable net operating loss carryforwards.

As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, iOx had a net deferred tax liability of approximately $25.5 million and approximately $28.4 million, respectively. On January 8, 2019, the Company originally recognized a $19.8 million deferred tax liability for the difference between the book and income tax basis of IPR&D acquired as part of the SalvaRx Acquisition. As the iOx IPR&D is in the U.K., the deferred tax was recorded at 17%, the prevailing tax rate applicable in the U.K. at the time. In fiscal 2022, the Company recorded $7.0 million increase in deferred income taxes to reflect a future change in the U.K. income tax rate and recognized $0.7 million of current year losses and $0.8 million of prior year losses. The Company also recognized a $1.1 million decrease in deferred tax liability in fiscal 2022 to reflect the effect of the change in exchange rates on the liability settleable in British pound sterling. For the nine months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized the reduction in deferred tax liability of $1.8 million to reflect the effect of the change in exchange rates on the liability in the period and recognized $0.8 million of current period losses, as well as the tax rate change effect of $0.3 million on the current period losses.

NOTE 6. INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE

Details of the Company’s associate as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022 are as follows:

The following table is a roll-forward of the Company’s investment in Stimunity S.A. (“Stimunity”) as of and for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

On June 1, 2020, the Company made an additional investment of €0.9 million ($1.0 million) by executing its subscription for 2,479 Class A shares upon the achievement of certain milestones, as provided in the Shareholders’ Agreement, increasing its equity share in Stimunity to 44%.

On July 13, 2022, the Company entered into a commitment with Stimunity to provide €600,000 under a convertible note (the “Stimunity Convertible Note”) with a maturity date of September 1, 2023 (the “Maturity Date”). The Stimunity Convertible Note provides for simple interest at 7% per annum. The Stimunity Convertible Note is automatically converted into Series A shares upon Stimunity completing a Series A round for at least €20 million. If such subscription round is completed prior to the Maturity Date, the Company will be entitled to convert the Stimunity Convertible Note into Series A shares at the subscription share price less 15%. Additionally, if Stimunity completes a financing with a new category of shares (other than Common Shares or Series A shares) for at least €5 million (the “Minimum Raise”), the Company will have the right to convert the Stimunity Convertible Note and the historical Series A shares owned into the new category of shares. In the event that Stimunity does not close a financing prior to the Maturity Date or raises less than the Minimum Raise, the Company will have the right to convert the Stimunity Convertible Note into Series A shares at €363.00 per share or the raise price less 15%, whichever is lower. The Stimunity Convertible Note was funded on September 12, 2022. See Note 17, “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities – Stimunity Convertible Note,” for a further discussion.

The Company accounts for its investment in Stimunity under the equity method and, accordingly, records its share of Stimunity’s earnings or loss based on its ownership percentage. The Company recorded equity in loss in Stimunity of $152,000 and $261,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $268,000 and $363,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Under the Shareholders’ Agreement, Portage has (i) a preferential subscription right to maintain its equity interest in Stimunity in the event of a capital increase from the issuance of new securities by Stimunity, except for issuances of new securities for stock options under a merger plan or for an acquisition, and (ii) the right to vote against any (a) issuances of additional securities that would call for Portage to waive its preferential subscription right, or (b) any dilutive issuance.

NOTE 8. ACQUISITION OF TARUS

On July 1, 2022, the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiary, Tarus Acquisition Inc., and Tarus Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation advancing adenosine receptor agonists for the treatment of solid tumors, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”). Under the structure of the Merger Agreement, Tarus Therapeutics, Inc. was ultimately merged into a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company with the surviving entity renamed Tarus Therapeutics, LLC. The Tarus merger entitles the Company to the rights, know-how and/or ownership related to the assets developed by Tarus (the “Adenosine Compounds”), including:

As consideration for Tarus, the Company issued to Tarus shareholders an aggregate of 2,425,999 ordinary shares of Portage, calculated on the basis of $18 million divided by the 60-day Volume Weighted Average Price per share. The shares have not been registered with the SEC and are subject to lock-up agreements for terms ranging from six to twelve months. Additionally, milestone payments of up to $32 million in cash or Portage ordinary shares would be triggered upon achievement of future development and sales milestones. As a result of the transaction:

In connection with the acquisition of Tarus, the Company performed a fair value analysis of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company based the analysis on its clinical plan and timing of development events, and the probabilities of success determined primarily based upon empirical third party data and Company experience as well as the relevant cost of capital. In its fair value analysis, the Company used the Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method for PORT-6 and PORT-7 and the Replacement Cost Method for PORT-8 and PORT-9, determined based upon the maturity of the assets and the availability of sufficient data to measure fair value. The Company recorded the shares issued at $17.2 million, which represented the aggregate market value of the shares issued on July 1, 2022. The Company followed the guidance of IAS 3 and IAS 32 and recorded a deferred purchase price payable - Tarus of $8.538 million, which reflected the estimated acquisition date fair value of contractual milestone obligations incurred. The principal assumptions for determining the fair value include the timing of development events, the probabilities of success and the discount rate used. The Company recorded the obligation as a non-current liability, in accordance with the provisions IAS 32 with respect to the classification of financial assets and financial liabilities.

The Company will determine the fair value of the earnout shares at each balance sheet date. Any change to the fair value will be recorded in the Company’s statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for Tarus:

Pro forma Information

Summary unaudited pro forma condensed results of operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, assuming the Tarus acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented, are as follows:

Summary unaudited pro forma condensed results of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, assuming the Tarus acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented, are as follows:

These pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred if the acquisition had been in effect for the period presented, and they may not be indicative of results expected in the future.

NOTE 21. NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST

On September 8, 2021, the Company, through SalvaRx, completed a settlement of loans (including interest) to and receivables from iOx for services rendered in exchange for 23,772 ordinary shares of iOx at a price of £162. On July 18, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of the remaining non-controlling interest in iOx, by issuing 1,070,000 shares of its ordinary shares and assuming certain milestone obligations. See Note 11, “Unsecured Notes Payable – iOx Unsecured Notes Payable,” and Note 18, “Related Party Transactions – Share Exchange Agreement – iOx,” for further discussions.

Saugatuck and subsidiary includes Saugatuck and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Saugatuck Rx LLC.

NOTE 16. (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares.

The following table reflects the loss and share data used in the basic and diluted EPS calculations (U.S. Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

The inclusion of the Company’s stock options, RSUs and share purchase warrants in the computation of diluted loss per share would have an anti-dilutive effect on loss per share and are therefore excluded from the computation. Consequently, there is no difference between basic loss per share and diluted loss per share for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The following table reflects the outstanding securities by year that would have an anti-dilutive effect on loss per share and, accordingly, were excluded from the calculation.

Inclusion of outstanding options or other common stock equivalents in the computation of diluted loss per share would have an anti-dilutive effect on the loss per share and are therefore excluded from the computation. Consequently, there is no difference between loss per share and diluted loss per share.

NOTE 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Portage Biotech Inc. (the “Company” or “Portage”) is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) with its registered office located at Clarence Thomas Building, P.O. Box 4649, Road Town, Tortola, BVI. Its USA agent, Portage Development Services Inc. (“PDS”), is located at 61 Wilton Road, Westport, CT, 06880, USA.

The Company is a foreign private issuer under the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) rules. It is also a reporting issuer under the securities legislation of the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. Its ordinary shares were listed on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”) under the symbol “PBT.U”. On February 25, 2021, the ordinary shares of the Company began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “PRTG”. As the principal market for the Company’s ordinary shares is NASDAQ, the Company voluntarily delisted from the CSE on April 23, 2021.

Portage is a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company advancing therapies that target known checkpoint resistance pathways to improve long-term treatment response and quality of life in patients with evasive cancers. Portage’s access to next-generation technologies coupled with a deep understanding of biological mechanisms enable the identification of clinical therapies and product development strategies that accelerate these medicines through the translational pipeline. Portage’s portfolio consists of six diverse platforms, with lead programs including invariant natural killer T-cell (“iNKT”) agonists and a suite of treatments targeting the adenosine pathway. Additional programs leverage delivery by intratumorals, nanoparticles, liposomes, aptamers, and virus-like particles. Within these six platforms, Portage has 16 products currently in development with multiple clinical readouts expected through the end of 2023.

On August 13, 2018, the Company reached a definitive agreement to acquire 100% of SalvaRx Limited (“SalvaRx”) in exchange for 8,050,701 ordinary shares of the Company (the “SalvaRx Acquisition”). The SalvaRx Acquisition was completed on January 8, 2019 (the “Acquisition Date”) upon receiving shareholder and regulatory approval. In connection with the SalvaRx Acquisition, the Company acquired interests in SalvaRx’s five research and development invested entities and subsidiaries: iOx Therapeutics Ltd. (“iOx”), Nekonal Oncology Limited (“Nekonal”), Intensity Therapeutics, Inc. (“Intensity”), Saugatuck Therapeutics, Ltd. (“Saugatuck”) and Rift Biotherapeutics Inc. (“Rift”).  The Company also acquired an option in Nekonal SARL, a Luxembourg-based company holding intellectual property rights for therapeutics and diagnostics in the field of autoimmune disorders and oncology, to participate in the funding of its autoimmune programs. During fiscal 2021, the Company abandoned its interests in Nekonal and Nekonal SARL.

NOTE 18. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Investments

The Company has entered into related party transactions and certain services agreements with its investees.  Key management personnel of the Company have also entered into related party transactions with investees. Key management personnel are those persons having the authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company. The Board, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer are key management personnel.

The following subsidiaries and associates are considered related parties:

Transactions between the parent company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated in consolidation and are not disclosed in this note.

On September 8, 2021, the Company, through SalvaRx, completed a settlement of loans (including interest) to and receivables from iOx for services rendered in exchange for 23,772 ordinary shares of iOx at a price of £162. Simultaneously, the Company entered into an agreement with OSI, the holder of $0.15 million notes plus accrued interest under which OSI exchanged the notes plus accrued interest for 820 shares of iOx. The Company followed the guidance provided by an IFRS Discussion Group Public Meeting dated November 29, 2016, following the general tenets of IAS 39, “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement,” and IFRIC 19, “Extinguishing Financial Liabilities with Equity Instruments,” and recorded the exchange at historical cost. Additionally, no profit or loss was recorded in connection with the exchange. As a result of these transactions, the Company, through SalvaRx, increased its ownership of iOx from 60.49% to 78.32%.

Share Exchange Agreement – iOx

On July 18, 2022, the Company and SalvaRx entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with each of the minority shareholders of iOx (the “Sellers”) resulting in the acquisition of the outstanding non-controlling ownership interest (approximately 22%) of iOx, which is developing the iNKT agonist platform. The Company followed IFRS 3, “Business Combinations,” and IAS 27, “Separate Financial Statements,” (which substantially replaced IAS 3) to account for this transaction. The Company achieved control of iOx, as defined, on January 8, 2019 upon the completion of the SalvaRx Acquisition. Further transactions whereby the parent entity acquires further equity interests from non-controlling interests, or disposes of equity interests but without losing control, are accounted for as equity transactions (i.e., transactions with owners in their capacity as owners). As such:

The Company now owns the worldwide rights to its small molecule iNKT agonists, including lead programs PORT-2 and PORT-3. Under the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement, each Seller sold to the Company, and the Company acquired from each Seller, legal and beneficial ownership of the number of iOx shares held by each Seller, free and clear of any share encumbrances, in exchange for the issuance in an aggregate of 1,070,000 Portage ordinary shares to be allocated among the Sellers based upon their relative ownership. As a result of the Share Exchange Agreement, the Company owns 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of iOx.

As additional consideration for the sale of the iOx shares to the Company under the Share Exchange Agreement, the Sellers shall have the contingent right to receive additional shares (“Earnout Shares”) from the Company having an aggregate value equal to $25 million calculated at the Per Share Earnout Price, as defined in the Share Exchange Agreement, upon the achievement of certain milestones defined as the dosing of the first patient in a Phase 3 clinical trial for either PORT-2 (IMM60 iNKT cell activator/agonist) or PORT-3 (PLGA-nanoparticle formulation of IMM60 combined with a NY-ESO-1 peptide vaccine). The Company shall have the option, in its sole and absolute discretion, to settle the Earnout Shares in cash. The Company followed IFRS 3 and IAS 32, “Financial Instruments: Presentation,” to account for the fair value of the Earnout Shares. The principal assumptions for determining the fair value include the timing of development events, the probabilities of success and the discount rate used. The fundamental principle of IAS 32 is that a financial instrument should be classified as either a financial liability or an equity instrument according to the substance of the contract, not its legal form, and the definitions of financial liability and equity instrument. A financial instrument is an equity instrument if, and only if, both conditions (a) and (b) below are met:

When a derivative financial instrument gives one party a choice over how it is settled (for instance, the issuer or the holder can choose settlement net in cash or by exchanging shares for cash), it is a financial asset or a financial liability unless all of the settlement alternatives would result in it being an equity instrument. The financial instrument includes the exclusive right of the Company to settle the obligation with cash or equity and, accordingly, accounted for the fair value of the Earnout Shares as a non-current liability.

The Company recorded $5.478 million as the fair value estimate of the Earnout Shares, which is reflected as deferred obligation - iOx milestone on the condensed consolidated balance sheet included herein. The Company will determine the fair value of the Earnout Shares at each balance sheet date. Any change to the fair value will be recorded in the Company’s statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss). The Company recorded a (loss) from the change (increase) in fair value of the liability of $0.144 million and $0.090 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively.

Employment Agreements

PDS entered into a Services Agreement with our CEO effective December 15, 2021 (the “CEO Services Agreement”). The CEO Services Agreement provides that the CEO will receive a base salary of $618,000, plus cost-of-living increases. The CEO Services Agreement provides for annual increases based upon the review of the base salary by the Board prior to the anniversary of the CEO Services Agreement provided that the annual increase cannot be less than the cost-of-living increase. The CEO Services Agreement also provides that the CEO is eligible to receive an annual performance-based bonus targeted at 59% of the applicable year’s base salary, which bonus is earned based on the achievement of performance targets, as determined annually by the Board and communicated to the CEO in the first quarter of the year. Any annual bonus, to the extent earned, is to be paid no later than March 15 of the following year. The CEO Services Agreement is for an initial term of three years, after which it will automatically renew annually unless terminated in accordance with the CEO Services Agreement.

Under the CEO Services Agreement, the CEO may terminate his employment with PDS at any time for Good Reason (as defined in the CEO Services Agreement). PDS may terminate the CEO’s employment immediately upon his death, upon a period of disability or without Just Cause (as defined in the CEO Services Agreement). In the event that the CEO’s employment is terminated due to his death or Disability (as defined in the CEO Services Agreement), for Good Reason or without Just Cause, he will be entitled to accrued obligations (accrued unpaid portion of base salary, accrued unused vacation time and any unpaid expenses). Additionally, he may be entitled to Severance Benefits (as defined in the CEO Services Agreement), which include his then current base salary and the average of his annual bonus for the prior two completed performance years, paid over 12 monthly installments. Additionally, the CEO will be entitled to life insurance benefits and medical and dental benefits for a period of 12 months at the same rate the CEO and PDS shared such costs during his period of employment.

Additionally, all stock options (and any other unvested equity incentive award) held by the CEO relating to shares of the Company will be deemed fully vested and exercisable on the Termination Date (as defined in the CEO Services Agreement), and the exercise period for such stock options will be increased by a period of two years from the Termination Date.

If the CEO’s employment by PDS is terminated by PDS or any successor entity without Just Cause (not including termination by virtue of the CEO’s death or Disability) or by the CEO for Good Reason within 12 months following the effective date of a Change in Control (as defined in the CEO Services Agreement), then, in addition to paying or providing the CEO with the Accrued Obligations (as defined in the CEO Services Agreement), the Company will provide the following Change in Control Severance Benefits (as defined in the CEO Services Agreement):

PDS entered into services agreements (individually, an “Executive Service Agreement,” and collectively, the “Executive Service Agreements”) with each of our five other senior officers (individually, “Executive” and collectively, “Executives”), three of which are dated as of December 1, 2021, one of which is dated December 15, 2021 and one of which is dated June 1, 2022. Each of the Executive Services Agreements provides for an initial term of two years that is automatically renewed for one-year periods (except two of the Executive Services Agreement, which provides for an initial term of one year and that is automatically renewed for one-year periods). The Executive Services Agreements initially provide for annual base salaries ranging from $175,000 to $348,000 (pro-rated for services rendered) and annual bonus targets ranging from 30% to 40%. They also provide for long-term incentives in the form of equity awards from time to time under the Portage Biotech Inc. Amended and Restated 2021 Equity Incentive Plan.

The Executive Services Agreements can be terminated by PDS without Just Cause, by death or Disability, or by the Executive (except one) for Good Reason (each as defined in the respective Executive Services Agreements). In such instances, the Executive Services Agreements provide for the payment of accrued obligations (accrued unpaid portion of base salary, accrued unused vacation time and any unpaid expenses). Additionally, the Executives (except two) are entitled to 50% of base salary plus 50% of average annual bonus earned over the prior two performance years, as well as prevailing life insurance benefits for a period of six months and medical and dental benefits for a period of six months at the prevailing rate PDS and the Executive were sharing such expenses.

Additionally, all stock options (and any other unvested equity incentive award) held by the Executives relating to shares of the Company will be deemed fully vested and exercisable on the Termination Date (as defined in the respective Executive Services Agreements), and the exercise period for such stock options will be increased by a period of two years from the Termination Date.

If an Executive’s employment by PDS is terminated by the Company or any successor entity without Just Cause (not including termination by virtue of the Executive’s death or Disability) or by the Executive (except one) for Good Reason within 12 months following the effective date of a Change in Control (as defined in the respective Executive Services Agreements), then, in addition to paying or providing the Executive with the Accrued Obligations (as defined in the respective Executive Services Agreements), the Company will provide the following Change in Control Severance Benefits (as defined in the respective Executive Services Agreements), except in two cases in which the Executive is entitled to Item (5) and 50% of Items (1) and (3) below:

The Executive Services Agreements also include customary confidentiality, as well as provisions relating to assignment of inventions. The Executive Services Agreements also includes non-competition and non-solicitation of employees and customers provision that run during the Executive’s employment with PDS and for a period of one year after termination of employment.

Bonuses & Board Compensation Arrangements

In December 2021, the Compensation Committee approved performance bonuses payable to senior management totaling $0.7 million. The bonuses were paid in December 2021.

In addition, the Compensation Committee of the Board established director compensation. Effective January 1, 2022, each non-executive Board member will be entitled to receive cash Board fees of $40,000 per annum, payable quarterly in arrears. Additionally, each non-executive Board member will be entitled to an annual grant of 6,900 options to purchase Portage ordinary shares, which would vest the first annual anniversary of the grant date. The Company incurred Board fees totaling $78,750 and $236,250 during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. There were no Board fees incurred during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2021.

Non-executive Board chairpersons will be entitled to an annual cash fee of $30,000, payable quarterly in arrears. In lieu of a non-executive chairperson, the lead director will be entitled to an annual cash fee of $20,000 per annum paid quarterly in arrears. Additionally, the chairperson of each of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nomination Committee will be entitled to annual fees of $15,000, $12,000 and $8,000, respectively, payable quarterly in arrears. Members of those committees will be entitled to annual fees of $7,500, $6,000 and $4,000, respectively, payable quarterly in arrears.

In December 2022, the Board approved executive performance bonuses, as recommended by the Compensation Committee, totaling $0.6 million, which is equivalent to 73.5% of original annual targets established by the Board in December 2021. The bonuses were approved based upon the original performance targets established. The Board further approved a payment structure of 25% of approved bonuses, which were paid in January 2023, with the balance of amounts due payable upon a new financing.

NOTE 13. WARRANT LIABILITY

Below is the roll-forward of warrants issued by entity:

NOTE 5. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

NOTE 12. INCOME TAXES

The Company is a BVI business company. The BVI government does not, under existing legislation, impose any income or corporate tax on corporations.

PDS is a U.S. corporation and is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes, as applicable.

iOx is subject to U.K. taxes.

The (expense) benefit from income taxes consists of the following:

The following is a reconciliation of the U.S. taxes to the effective income tax rates for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (U.S. Dollars in thousands):

At December 31, 2022, the Company had $0.9 million of federal net operating losses, which carryforward indefinitely but are limited to 80% of taxable income when utilized. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the Company had U.S. deferred tax assets of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

The following is a reconciliation of the U.K. taxes to the effective income tax rates for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (U.S. Dollars in thousands):

Research and development credit receivables of $0.2 million and $0.2 million were included in prepaid expenses and other receivables on the condensed consolidated interim statements of financial position as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

The following is a reconciliation of financial statement income (loss) to tax basis income (loss) (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities in the U.K. consisted of the effects of temporary differences attributable to the following (in thousands):

iOx generated research and development cash credits of approximately $0.02 million that have been recorded for the nine months ended December 31, 2021. There were no research and development cash credits recorded for the nine months ended December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, iOx had a net deferred tax liability of approximately $25.5 million and approximately $28.4 million, respectively. On January 8, 2019, the Company originally recognized a $19.8 million deferred tax liability for the difference between the book and income tax basis of IPR&D acquired as part of the SalvaRx Acquisition. As the iOx IPR&D is in the U.K., the deferred tax was recorded at 17%, the prevailing tax rate applicable in the U.K. at the time. In fiscal 2022, the Company recorded $7.0 million increase in deferred income taxes to reflect a future change in the U.K. income tax rate and recognized $0.7 million of current year losses and $0.8 million of prior year losses. The Company also recognized a $1.1 million decrease in deferred tax liability in fiscal 2022 to reflect the effect of the change in exchange rates on the liability settleable in British pound sterling. For the nine months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized the reduction in deferred tax liability of $1.8 million to reflect the effect of the change in exchange rates on the liability in the period and recognized $0.8 million of current period losses, as well as the tax rate change effect of $0.3 million on the current period losses.

There is no expiration date for accumulated tax losses in the U.K. entities.